An Introduction to Quantum Game Theory
نویسنده
چکیده
Quantum game theory is an important development in quantum computation, and has implications both for classical economic game theory and for quantum mechanics. Unfortunately, the quantum mechanical and quantum computational knowledge assumed in the literature presents a serious communication barrier for most economists. In the other direction, quantum game theory does not always seem to be cognizant of many traditional results in classical economic game theory. This essay is an attempt to bridge the gap somewhat, by providing economists with a selfcontained introduction to quantum games. The essay assumes, for the most part, little more than a knowledge of vector algebra as mathematical background, and introduces apparatus and results from quantum mechanics and quantum computation as needed. Key concepts such as Grover’s search algorithm, Shor’s factoring algorithm, and the quantum teleportation and pseudo-telepathy protocols based on entanglement are presented in detail, along with 12 quantum games that illustrate the differences between quantum and classical game theory. Along the way we will see that many of the classical issues in quantum mechanics can be given a game theoretic formulation.
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تاریخ انتشار 2005